Emergency Surgery in Obese Patients by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030173050
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Keywords

Bariatric surgeryBariatric historyIntestinal bypassGastric bypassGastroplastyGastric bandingBiliopancreatic diversionDuodenal switchSleeve gastrectomyLaparoscopy

13.1 Introduction

Since its recognition as a disease by the World Health Organization in the late 1940s, an uncontrolled increase in the incidence and prevalence of obesity and its associated debilitating illnesses has led to evolution of this condition into a major public health issue and a global epidemic; worldwide, obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 [1]. Bariatric or weight loss surgery, a relatively young branch of surgery, has been shown to be extremely beneficial, with very low mortality and morbidity, in achieving long-term weight loss results, as well as in prevention, improvement, and often resolution of obesity-related comorbidities.

Although the foundation of bariatric surgery was laid in the early 1950s, the routine application of this practice as a tool in the treatment of obesity did not gain widespread acquisition until the 1990s, when despite all previous non-surgical and surgical attempts, the epidemic of obesity remained unchecked [2]. About the same time, the introduction and prompt advancements of minimally invasive and laparoscopic technology revolutionized the bariatric field and led to an increased patient demand and an immense rise in the number of bariatric surgeries performed worldwide. In spite of this rapid transition from open to laparoscopic surgery, mortality in bariatric surgery was lowered and weight loss results remained unchanged. The manifold advantages of laparoscopic over traditional surgery such as quicker recovery, less postoperative pain, better esthetic results, and a huge reduction in wound-related complications soon made it the preferred surgical approach for both patients and surgeons. In the twenty-first century the rate of surgeries performed laparoscopically has risen dramatically, exceeding that of open surgery in 2005. Despite ongoing extraordinary innovations in minimally invasive surgery and the development of novel techniques such as robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, traditional laparoscopy is still considered the “gold standard” surgical approach in treatment of obesity and its comorbid diseases [3–5].

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