Einstein and Religion by Jammer Max

Author:Jammer, Max
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Princeton University Press

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1 The term “theology” was used, probably for the first time, by Plato in his Politeia (Republic II, 379a), then by Aristotle (Metaphysics III, 4, 1000 a 9), and throughout the Middle Ages. Spinoza also used it, e.g., in the title of his Tractatus theologico-politicus (1670).

2 J. T. Cushing and E. McMullin, eds. Philosophical Consequences of Quantum Theory (University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, Ind., 1989), p. 60.

3 A. Einstein, “Science and God.”

4 R. Tagore, The Religion of Man (George Allen & Unwin, London, 1932).

5 “Note on the Nature of Reality,” Appendix II in R. Tagore, Religion of Man, pp. 222–225; also in Modern Review (Calcutta) 49 (1931): 42–43; American Hebrew 129 (September 11, 1931): 351–355; The Living Age 340 (1931): 262–265.

6 A. Einstein, “What I Believe,” Forum and Century 84 (1930): 193–194; also in Ideas and Opinions, pp. 8–11; E. H. Cotton, ed., Has Science Discovered God? (Crowell, New York, 1931), pp. 93–97. Original German text in A. Einstein, Mein Weltbild (Querido, Amsterdam, 1934), pp. 11–17. The World as I See It (Lane, London, 1935), pp. 1–5.

7 D. Reichinstein, Albert Einstein, sein Lebensbild und seine Weltanschauung (Stella, Prague, 1934); Albert Einstein, a Picture of His Life and His Conception of the World (E. Goldstone, London, 1934), pp. 99–100.

8 F. Herneck, “Albert Einsteins gesprochenes Glaubensbekenntnis,” Naturwissenschaften 53 (1966): 198; Einstein und sein Weltbild (Der Morgen, Berlin, 1976), pp. 99–101.

9 A. Einstein, “Moses Maimonides,” a talk delivered at the celebration of the 800th anniversary of Maimonides’ birth, New York Times, 15 April 1935, p. 15. Also in A. Einstein, Essays in Humanism (Philosophical Library, New York, 1950, 1985), pp. 114–115.

10 Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed, M. Friedländer, ed. (George Routledge, London; Dutton, New York, 1942), p. 85.

11 “Ad quaestionen tuam, an de Deo tam claram, quam de triangulo habeam ideam, respondeo affirmando; si me vero interroges, utrum tam claram de Deo, quam de triangulo habeam imaginem, respondebo negando. Deum enim non est imaginari.” B. Spinoza, Epistola LVI, in Opera, vol. 4 (C. Winter, Heidelberg), p. 261.

12 A. Einstein, Gelegentliches (Soncino Gesellschaft, Berlin, 1929), p. 9.

13 A. Einstein, “Religion and Science,” New York Times, 9 November 1930, section 5, pp. 1–2 (abridged), with a commentary by R. L. D., p. 2.

14 P. W. Schmidt, Der Ursprung der Gottesidee, 7 vols. (Aschendorff, Münster, 1912–1926) (vol. 12 appeared in 1955). The most prominent proponents of the “fear theory,” referred to by Schmidt, are, in chronological order, Geo Gerland, Aloys Borchert, Karl Beth, and Nathan Söderblom.

15 See M. Talmey, The Relativity Theory Simplified.

16 Petronius, Satyricon Reliquiae (Teubner, Stuttgart, 1995), p. 185. Quoted in L. Büchner, Kraft und Stoff, 13th ed. (Thomas, Leipzig, 1874), p. 209. In the English translation, Force and Matter (Twentieth Century, New York, 1894), the quotation is replaced by a citation from Gustave Naquet: “Whenever knowledge takes a step forward, God recedes a step backwards.” In his book Der Gottes-Begriff (Thomas, Leipzig, 1874), p. 12, Büchner also gives this quotation from Petronius in the section beginning with the

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