Classical Relaxation Phenomenology by Ian M. Hodge

Author:Ian M. Hodge
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9783030024598
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

A rotating dipole in a sinusoidally varying electric field with an angular frequency ω low enough that the dipole can keep up with the field behaves as a pure capacitance Cpure. The current then lags the field by π/2 radians and the complex admittance is

(7.1)

If the dipole cannot keep up with the field because of friction with its environment it will lag by an additional angle δ and a component of the current appears in phase with the voltage and is measured as a resistance. Equation (6.​94) is then replaced by

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