Agency, Gender and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850–2000 by Jan Luiten van Zanden Auke Rijpma Jan Kok

Author:Jan Luiten van Zanden, Auke Rijpma, Jan Kok [Jan Luiten van Zanden, Auke Rijpma, Jan Kok]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Nonfiction, Social & Cultural Studies, Social Science
ISBN: 9781351815604
Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Published: 2017-07-14T04:00:00+00:00

The increasing effect over time suggests that the strength of the QQT may be tied to economic development. Figure 4.3 plots GDP per capita of each country included here for the year of observation against its corresponding coefficient on number of siblings. On the basis of the graph there does indeed seem to be a relation between GDP per capita and the strength of the QQT. Countries with a higher income are more likely to have a QQT and typically also have a stronger QQT.

On the micro level we capture wealth with a dummy variable for servants and the following figure shows that here we find a majority of significant, positive effects, suggesting that the number of servants indeed captures the resources households had to send children to school. Zurich, San Marcello, Kruja, Jasenica and Austria are the clearest examples of samples that do not adhere to this general pattern, having either a 0 coefficient or negative relationship with school enrolment (although no sample has a significant negative coefficient on this variable). Our samples for Kruja and Jasenica have two of the lowest percentages of households with servants (7 and 4 per cent respectively – see Table 4.4, summary statistics). As samples from Eastern European countries this is likely driven by the reduced importance of life-cycle servitude in these economies, which might mean that we are not capturing the same sorts of households with this variable as we do in the other samples. Meanwhile Zurich stands out for having 62 per cent of households in our sample with servants, the highest percentage by far. Again this may indicate that in Zurich households with servants are different from those in the other samples. The aspect of change over time in the countries for which we have multiple years of data paints an inconsistent picture. In the US the coefficient on servants gets smaller over the period for which we have data, while for the UK between the 1851 and the 1881 samples there is a substantial increase of the coefficient on servant.

Figure 4.2 Coefficients on number of siblings for all samples.

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