Advanced Information Systems Engineering Workshops by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030491659
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

3.3 Tests for the Sentience of a Machine

One can also imagine a test of humanity for the sentience of a machine in order to assess its ability to “feel” like a human in the interaction it can have with him or her. It is not certain that this kind of test should be based on that of Turing, but it can be fruitful to explore this track, as already envisaged by Campbell who speaks of a game of human imitation (Imitation Man) [19]. Attention is focused on the conversation between a judge J, a human H and a machine M, but the main difference in the sentience test is that the content of information and the mode of communication are not the only things that counts. It is also information and communication as it shows a set of aspects of a partner’s behaviour that testify the presence of a sentience in the language itself. It is therefore a linguistic evidence which grounds the Judge J’s judgment in the absence of access by the judge to physical data which could express the psychic state of A and B.

The test of humanity of a machine is moved towards the expression of sentience in verbal language, towards what reveals the sensation, the emotion, the sentiment or even the consciousness of A or B. This expression of sentience in language supposes not only an information content, but also a mode of communication. Now, if we stick to a classic Turing test, this implies that it can only be a verbal communication, to the exclusion of any non-verbal one which would pass through expressions of the body (gestures, facial expressions, etc.). It is therefore in the realm of the language used by the speaker that the sentience can reside, as when A or B says: “I have a toothache, it’s been a long time since it happened to me. It’s a pain that takes me to the bottom molar, on the right side, and goes down into the gums.” Or when A or B answers, to a question asked about its isolation and its awareness of it: “Yes, I feel a little lonely in this room, and I must say that, usually, I am rather someone who likes the presence of others.” If a machine M is able to express itself in this way, a judge J can conclude that it is a human H who communicates this message to him or her.

Now, one could also conceive that the sentience test takes into account, according to the access clause to physical information, and consequently, to psychic information, the non-verbal communication. The information and the communication of a machine M should then not only be taken for that of a human H by a judge J, but it should be also by virtue of a certain behaviour of the body. This supposes that, in its dynamic aspect, that of non-verbal communication, if however it is coherently coupled to verbal communication, a machine is identical to a human.

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