A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers by Kate L. Turabian

A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers by Kate L. Turabian

Author:Kate L. Turabian
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: University of Chicago Press


18.3.2 Special Elements and Format Issues

The basic pattern for parenthetical citations is described in 18.1, and templates for several common types of sources appear in figure 18.1. This section covers special elements that may need to be included and special format issues that may arise in parenthetical citations of all types.

In the following situations, treat the name of an editor, translator, or other compiler of a work as you would an author's name, unless otherwise specified.

AUTHORS WITH SAME LAST NAME. If you cite works by more than one author with the same last name, add the author's first initial to each parenthetical citation, even if the dates are different. If the initials are the same, spell out the first names.

(J. Smith 2001, 140)

(Adele Gottfried 1988, 15)

(T. Smith 1998, 25–26)

(Allen Gottfried 1994, 270)

WORKS WITH SAME AUTHOR AND DATE. If you cite more than one work published in the same year by an author or group of authors named in the same order, arrange the entries alphabetically by title in your reference list and add the letters a, b, c, and so forth to the year (see 18.2.1). Use the same designations in your parenthetical citations (letters set in roman type, without an intervening space after the date).

(Davis 1983a, 74)

(Davis 1983b, 59–60)

NO AUTHOR. If you cite a book or journal article without an author, use the title in place of the author in your reference list (see 18.2.1). In parenthetical citations, use a shortened title composed of up to four distinctive words from the full title, and print the title in italics or roman as in the reference list.

(Account of operations 1870–1910)

(Great Trigonometrical Survey 1863, 26)

For magazine and newspaper articles without authors, use the title of the magazine or newspaper in place of the author in both locations (see 19.3 and 19.4). For other types of sources, see the relevant section in chapter 19 for guidance; if not stated otherwise, use a shortened title in this position.

NO DATE. If you cite a published work without a date, use the designation n.d. (“no date”) in place of the date in both your reference list and parenthetical citations. Use roman type and lowercase letters.

(Smith n.d., 5)

For other types of sources, see the relevant section in chapter 19 for guidance.

AUTHOR MENTIONED IN TEXT. If the author's name is mentioned in the text, you may omit this element from the parenthetical citation. If necessary for clarity, put the remainder of the citation immediately following the author's name, even if it does not come at the end of a sentence or clause.

Chang then describes the occupation of Nanking in great detail (1997, 159–67).

The arguments made by Ariès (1965) have been modified by further research.

MORE THAN ONE WORK CITED. If you cite several sources to make a single point, group them into a single parenthetical citation. List them alphabetically, chronologically, or in order of importance (depending on the context), and separate them with semicolons.

Several theorists disagreed strongly with this position (Armstrong and Malacinski 1989; Pickett and White 1995; Beigl 2004).



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