Rediscovering the Universe : The beginning of the Final Revolution : Universal Theory of Relativity by Javed Jamil

Author:Javed Jamil
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Tags: universe, theory, universal, relativity, rediscovering, jamil, javed

1.13.1Origin of the Universe

How did the Universe originate and what will its fate be? These are questions that have always and will always haunt the philosophers and scientists. Physicists have been trying to find the answer. Scores of models have been presented. Most of them are based on General theory of Relativity. Despite its successes, the Standard Model has plenty of known problems. In the June 2003 issue of Scientific American, in an article, captioned, "The Dawn of Physics beyond the Standard Model," Gordon Kane has listed ten theoretical problems:

“1. It (the standard model) implies a tremendous concentration of energy, even in the emptiest regions of space. This so-called vacuum energy would have either quickly curled up the universe long ago or expanded it to a much greater size.

The expansion of the universe is accelerating, and this cannot be explained by the standard model.

There is reason to believe that in the first fraction of a second of the Big Bang, the universe went through a period of extremely rapid expansion called inflation. The fields responsible for inflation cannot be those of the Standard Model.

If the universe began as a huge burst of energy, it should have evolved into equal parts of matter and anti-matter. This did not happen. The universe is matter. The Standard Model cannot explain this.

About a quarter of the universe is invisible cold dark matter that cannot be particles of the Standard Model.

In the Standard Model, interactions with the Higgs field cause particles to have mass. The Standard Model cannot explain the form these interactions must take.

Quantum corrections apparently make the Higgs boson mass huge, which would make all particle masses huge, which is obviously not the case.

The Standard Model cannot include gravity, because it does not have the same structure as the other three forces.

The values of the masses of particles cannot be explained by the Standard Model.

There are 3 generations of particles. The Standard Model cannot explain why there is more than 1 generation."

Recently, Quantum mechanics has been used to explain some of the unanswered questions. But almost all the scientists agree that the universe began at the Big Bang. Describing the beginning of the modern theory of the origin of the universe, Hawking says:

“At that time, which we call the Big Bang, the density of the universe and the curvature of space-time would have been infinite. Because mathematicians cannot really handle infinite numbers, this means that the general theory of relativity on which Freedman’s solutions are based predicts that there is a point in the universe where the theory itself breaks down. Such a point is an example of what the mathematicians call singularity. In fact, till now, our theories of science are formulated on assumption that space-time is smooth and nearly flat, so they break down at the Big Bang singularity, where the curvature of space-time is infinite. This means that even if there were events before the Big Bang, one could not use them to determine what would happen afterward, because predictability would break down at the Big Bang.

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