Reassuring the Reluctant Warriors: U.S. Civil-Military Relations and Multilateral Intervention by Stefano Recchia

Author:Stefano Recchia [Recchia, Stefano]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: International Relations, Public Policy, International, Iraq War (2003-2011), History & Theory, American Government, United States, Military, 20th Century, Political Science, Military Policy, History, Security (National & International), Law, General
ISBN: 9781501701559
Google: D7hIDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Cornell University Press
Published: 2015-09-04T13:10:56+00:00

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 1. CIA, “Bosnia-Hercegovina: On the Edge of the Abyss,” memorandum, Dec. 19, 1991. Most declassified documents cited in this chapter are available at http://www.foia.cia.gov.

 2. Author interview with Robert Gallucci, AssistSecState for Pol-Mil Affairs, 1992–94 (Apr. 20, 2011). See also Halberstam 2001: 34.

 3. Author interview with Gen. Colin Powell (Feb. 2, 2011). See also Baker 1995: 648–49; Halberstam 2001: 34–38.

 4. The Bosnian Serbs and Bosnian Croats had their arsenals refueled through illicit arms transfers from Belgrade and Zagreb, respectively.

 5. Author interview with Gregory Schulte (Mar. 9, 2010).

 6. Author interview with Robert Hunter (Mar. 11, 2010). See also Chollet 2005: 32.

 7. NSC/PC, “Meeting on Bosnia,” memorandum for the record, Nov. 29, 1994.

 8. Ibid.

 9. Anthony Lake, “Bosnia Policy after the Fall of Bihac,” memorandum for the Pres., Nov. 27, 1994.

 10. Hunter, author interview.

 11. CIA, “Impact of the NATO Air Campaign in Bosnia,” Sept. 19, 1995.

 12. Author interview with Donald Kerrick, Director of European Affairs on the NSC staff, 1994–95 (Mar. 22, 2010).

 13. NSC/PC, “Meeting on Bosnia,” memorandum for the record, Nov. 29, 1994.

 14. UNPROFOR withdrawal would be “a virtual certainty,” U.S. intelligence predicted, if Washington unilaterally lifted the arms embargo. See National Intelligence Council, “Prospects for UNPROFOR Withdrawal,” Dec. 1994.

 15. NSC/PC, “Meeting on Bosnia,” SumConcl, May 23, 1995. See also Anthony Lake, “Principals’ Review of Bosnia,” memorandum for the Pres., May 2, 1995.

 16. Alexander Vershbow, “Bosnia: Strategic Choices,” NSC staff discussion paper, May 17, 1995. See also Daalder 2000: 46–48; Holbrooke 1998: 65–67.

 17. For good overviews see Halberstam 2001: 196–97; Drew 1995: 145–49.

 18. Madeleine Albright, “Options for Bosnia,” memorandum for the NatSec Adviser, Apr. 14, 1993.

 19. Albright, “NSC/PC Meeting on Bosnia,” minutes (Feb. 5, 1993), 1.

 20. William Studeman, “CIA Debrief of PC Meeting on Bosnia,” Apr. 9, 1993.

 21. Leon Fuerth, “NSC/PC Meeting on Bosnia” (Feb. 5, 1993), 4. See also Albright 2003: 180.

 22. Author interview with Walter Slocombe, Deputy UnderSecDef, 1993–94, and UnderSecDef for Policy, 1994–2001 (Mar. 11, 2010).

 23. Albright, “Options for Bosnia.” See also Daalder 2000: 13; Holbrooke 1998: 52.

 24. Author interviews with Gen. Walter Kross, Director of the Joint Staff, 1994–96 (Feb. 11, 2011), and George Ward, Deputy AssistSecState for IO Affairs, 1992–96 (Apr. 4, 2011).

 25. Slocombe, author interview.

 26. Colin Powell, “NSC/PC Meeting on Bosnia” (Feb. 5, 1993), 2.

 27. On the troop estimate see Drew 1995: 274.

 28. Powell, “NSC/PC Meeting on Bosnia,” 4.

 29. William Perry, U.S. Policy toward the Former Yugoslavia: Hearing Before the House NatSec Committee, 104th Cong. (June 7, 1995), 5.

 30. Kross and Slocombe, author interviews.

 31. Perry, U.S. Policy toward the Former Yugoslavia.

 32. Slocombe, author interview. See also Studeman, “CIA Debrief of PC Meeting on Bosnia”; Daalder 2000: 12, 105.

 33. Powell, “NSC/PC Meeting on Bosnia,” 7.

 34. Author interview with Adm. William Owens (Jan. 27, 2011).

 35. Kross, author interview, confirmed by Slocombe, author interview.

 36. Kerrick, author interview.

 37. Kross, author interview.

 38. Powell, “NSC/PC Meeting on Bosnia,” 2.

 39. Author interview with Leon Fuerth, NatSec Adviser to the VP, 1993–2001 (Mar. 9, 2010).

 40. Lake, author interview.

 41. Roger George and George Kolt, “Likely Allied Reactions to Unilateral US Actions in Bosnia,” memorandum for the DCI, Aug.

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