3rd International Conference on Wireless, Intelligent and Distributed Environment for Communication by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030443726
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

3 Background

IEEE developed a set of protocols for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) for the working group 802.11p. 802.11p is instead an amendment to IEEE 802.11, which defines the changes in PHY and MAC layer to address communication requirements for vehicular networks, not only vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) but also vehicle-to-roadside (V2R) (and vice versa). Indeed some VANET applications cannot work in a pure V2V network because interaction with the “outside world” is needed. Many standards like (a, b, p, g, and n) use 802.11 as prefix. IEEE 802.11b uses DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) modulation technique and utilizes (2.412–2.484 GHz) frequency band. IEEE 802.11b+ is the modified version where the maximum throughput of 11 Mbps can be improved to 22, 33, and 44 Mbps [10]. In 802.11b, if the frequency range increases from 2.421 to 2.484 GHz channel overlapping also increases which results in the increase in collision rate. The frequency band of Bluetooth, microwave, and cordless devices also comes under 2 GHz which results in interference. It is basically used in broadcast communication i.e. from one access point multicast messages to all the other mobile nodes (OBUs). Later, ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol is used as it is the best suitable in realistic environment [8] which belongs to reactive routing family in which it begins route discovery whenever a node wants to communicate with another node and route assurance is performed on the demand basis. Also, the results are better in Rician fading environment for traffic type stcp/rtcp [2]. Later, the section highlights simulation methodology and the results are evaluated to obtain better QoS in realistic and ideal environment.

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