The Plight of Rome in the Fifth Century AD by Merrony Mark.;

Author:Merrony, Mark.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781351702782
Publisher: Taylor & Francis (CAM)

Valentinian I (364–375)

Julian’s death marked the end of the Constantinian dynasty and the demise of Jovian ushered in the new world order of the Valentinian dynasty in what was essentially a relatively successful ‘rebirth’ of the Tetrarchy. Conventionally, the split of the Roman empire is often attributed to the succession of Theodosius I in 395, Arcadius ruling the east and Honorius the west.89 Robert Errington emphasizes the point that the empire was divided on the accession of Valentinian I, who ruled in the west, and Valens, who governed the east. This was essentially a practical solution to the governmental challenge of administering such a large empire.90

In this period the empire faced some serious problems: incursions of Salian Franks and Saxons on the lower Rhine; the Alamanni on the middle and upper Rhine and upper Danube; the Quadi and Marcomanni on the middle Danube; and the Goths on the lower Danube. These threats were suppressed in the short term by a combination of military campaigning, peace treaties, and enlisting barbarians in the army as foederati.91 Marcellinus commented that ‘During this time, when the barriers of our frontier were unlocked and the realm of savagery was spreading far and wide columns of armed men like glowing ashes from Aetna [Etna]…’.92

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