The Philosophical Foundations of Classical Chinese Medicine by Lee Keekok;

Author:Lee, Keekok; [Lee, Keekok]
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: Lexington Books
Published: 2017-04-14T04:00:00+00:00

Leibniz distinguished between four different types of monads: matter, plants, animals, and humans. They all have internal properties but also express external relations with one another (in his language, they have “perceptions”). But the last three, unlike matter, have what he called “appetition” (for example, they strive to achieve an outcome—the plant in striving to get sunlight grows taller than the surrounding plants and rocks). The last two have memory (or at least those animals higher up in the animal kingdom do); only the last, namely, humans, have reason (Monadology §§ 18–19 and 29).

Just as Reality must be grasped at two different levels, time must be grasped at three levels:

Of God who ordained pre-established harmony and is an entity which is eternal, and hence, atemporal or beyond time.

Of each monad which is continuously unfolding itself, that is, immanently becoming it-self.

Of mere chronology which is the external framework of the “nows.”

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