Logic by Hodges Wilfrid

Author:Hodges, Wilfrid [Hodges, Wilfrid]
Language: eng
Format: mobi, epub
ISBN: 9780141003146
Publisher: Penguin UK
Published: 2001-11-28T16:00:00+00:00

Here is a sentence in which two designators occur as constituents; the designators are bracketed:

[Jeeves] poured [the sherry].

26.17

We can analyse such a sentence into its constituent designators

Jeeves, the sherry

26.18

together with the matrix which contained them:

x poured y.

26.19

The letters ‘x’ and ‘y’ which occur in (26.19) are called individual variables. They mark the holes where the constituent designators should go; in the terminology of p. 66, the occurrences of these variables in (26.19) are free. The letters ‘z,’ ‘x1,’ ‘x2’, etc., will also be used as individual variables.

The matrix (26.19) is an example of a predicate. More precisely, a predicate is defined to be a string of English words and individual variables, such that if the individual variables are replaced by appropriate designators, then the whole becomes a declarative sentence with these designators as constituents.

Here are some predicates. As you read them you should think of appropriate designators for them; remember that you only have to make a declarative sentence, not necessarily a true one.

x loves a bit of night-life.

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