Computational Intelligence in Recent Communication Networks by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030771850
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Convolution operation can be expressed as follows:

(9.1)

where i c(x, y) is an element of input image tensor I c which is element wise multiplied by index of the kth convolutional kernel k l of the lth layer.

Output feature map of the kth convolutional operation defines as

(9.2)

9.3.2.2 Long Short-Term Memory

The model of Long Short-Term Memory is inherited from recurrent neural networks. An LSTM contains a unit cell that keeps state information during the time. For example, it is able to use the previous frame of the video in order to understand the current frame. The LSTM contains a memory cell, an input gate, an output gate, and a forget gate [21]. c t and c t − 1 represent the previous and the present cell information, respectively, as shown in Fig. 9.3. The mathematical expression is as follows:

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