As We Have Always Done: Indigenous Freedom through Radical Resistance (Indigenous Americas) by Leanne Betasamosake Simpson

Author:Leanne Betasamosake Simpson [Simpson, Leanne Betasamosake]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: SOC021000 Social Science / Ethnic Studies / Native American Studies
ISBN: 9781517903879
Publisher: University of Minnesota Press
Published: 2017-10-16T18:30:00+00:00

Intelligence as Consensual Engagement

Binoojiinh very clearly embodied the idea of land as pedagogy as they went about their day learning with and from maple trees, among many other beings. Binoojiinh had already grown up in a community where the adult practitioners of Nishnaabeg intelligence were teaching them through modeling how to interact with all elements of creation. So on one hand, Binoojiinh was just doing what they had seen the adults in their life do every day over and over again in a variety of different activities. On a deeper level, Binoojiinh was also teaching us by “modeling”; their story aligns itself with our embodied theory, our Creation stories.

Gzhwe Manidoo in the very beginning of the cosmos and in the continual creation of Nishnaabeg ontology, axiology, and epistemology set up the context for Nishnaabeg reality.[25] That context was the earth Gzhwe Manidoo created, and as we know by now, Nishnaabeg conceptualizations of Aki are at their core profoundly relational. Borrows explains it this way:

The Nishnaabeg have long taken direction about how we should live through our interactions and observations with the environment. People regulate their behavior and resolve their disputes by drawing guidance from what they see in the behavior of the sun, moon, stars, winds, waves, trees, birds, animals, and other natural phenomenon. The Nishnaabeg word for this concept is gikinawaabiwin. We can also use the word akinoomaage, which is formed from two roots: Aki: noomaage. “Aki” means earth and “noomaage” means to point towards and take direction from. As we draw analogies from our surroundings, and appropriately apply or distinguish what we see, we learn about how to love, and how we should live in our lands.[26]

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