Revolutions by Peter Furtado

Author:Peter Furtado
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Thames & Hudson
Published: 2020-10-15T00:00:00+00:00

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (1893–1976), communist general and chairman of the PRC (1949–76), was born into a peasant family in Hunan and had a basic education before joining a revolutionary army in 1911. He worked at Beijing University prior to the May Fourth Movement of 1919, and joined the Communist Party in 1921. From 1925, he saw the revolutionary potential of the Chinese peasantry; from October 1927 he built a revolutionary army in remote Jiangxi, and developed effective guerrilla tactics. In October 1934 he was driven out of Jiangxi by Chiang Kai-shek and embarked on the Long March, arriving in Shaanxi province in autumn 1935. He then became the dominant figure in the Communist Party, wrote several books and pushed the Chinese Party away from toeing the Soviet line. After leading the CCP to victory in the civil war (1949) he proclaimed the Chinese People’s Republic and, as chairman, enjoyed supreme power. Seeking to harness the revolutionary potential of both the urban working class and the peasantry, he comprehensively attacked the traditional elite in the Great Leap Forward (from 1958) and the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s. His philosophy, published in the ‘Little Red Book’, became required learning for every Chinese person, and he kept China closed to any outside influence. He has been held responsible for the deaths of tens of millions of people in the course of his career.

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