Chuang-tzu (Chinese-English Bilingual Edition) by Chuang Tzu & Fung Yu-lan

Author:Chuang Tzu & Fung Yu-lan
Language: zho
Format: mobi, epub
ISBN: 9787513525053
Publisher: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Published: 2012-12-01T05:00:00+00:00

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When Kuo Hsiang said that everything spontaneously produces itself and is what it is, he meant that things are not created by any Creator. He did not mean that among things there are no relations one with another. According to him, there are relations and the relations are necessary. In his commentary to the text in Chapter VI, he said:

"When a man is born, insignificant though he is, he has the properties that he necessarily has. However trivial his life may be, he needs the whole universe to be the condition of his existence. All things in the universe, all that exist, cannot cease to exist without having some effect on him. If one condition is lacking, he may not have existed. If one principle is violated, he may not be living."

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