A Guide to the Battles of the American Revolution by Theodore P. Savas

Author:Theodore P. Savas
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Bisac Code 1: HIS036030
ISBN: 9781611210118
Publisher: Savas Beatie
Published: 2006-08-19T00:00:00+00:00

Rebuffed in their efforts to carry Fort Mercer, the British turned their attention to Fort Mifflin. On November 10 they initiated a six-day bombardment of the larger bastion, forcing the Americans manning it to flee to the protection of Fort Mercer. Emboldened by this success, Howe dispatched Cornwallis with 5,000 troops to launch another assault against Fort Mercer. This time the British moved south along the Pennsylvania side of the river and crossed it below Fort Mercer. Cornwallis coordinated an assault with the British fleet, and together the combined arms moved northward from Billingsport, New Jersey. With little hope of defending against such overwhelming odds, Colonel Greene and Commodore Hazelwood destroyed the battered American forts and scuttled the remaining ships. On November 20 the quasi-American siege of Philadelphia was lifted.

Casualties: British: 400 killed, wounded, and captured (and two ships of the line); American: 14 killed, 21 wounded (48 sailing vessels, two forts, and numerous artillery pieces and miscellaneous equipment).

Outcome / Impact: Despite the October 22 victory at Fort Mercer, the loss of the campaign and lifting of the threat against Philadelphia soured the mood of the American army. The lifting of the siege bolstered British morale and weakened American resolve. Had the Americans held their positions on the river through that winter, the British may not have been able to remain in Philadelphia. Once the British fleet was able to move freely on the river, however, the army was rejuvenated with fresh supplies and enjoyed an open line of communications. The harsh winter weather prevented large-scale warfare for several months. Howe maintained his headquarters in Philadelphia, while Washington moved his army west and established a winter camp at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.

Today: Fort Mifflin was rebuilt in the 18th century and retained as part of the US coastal defense system well into the 20th century. Today it is a national monument adjacent to the Philadelphia International Airport and features an outstanding tour and living history programs.

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