Sustainable Highways, Pavements and Materials by Gopalakrishnan Kasthurirangan

Author:Gopalakrishnan, Kasthurirangan [Gopalakrishnan, Kasthurirangan]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Transdependenz LLC
Published: 2011-04-24T16:00:00+00:00

Fig. 5.10. Rubblized PCC surface [ Source: M. Heitzman]

Beneficial Reuse of Industrial By-Products

It is estimated that some 600 million metric tons of industrial by-product source materials are produced annually which represents a sustainable solution to reduce the quantity of virgin material requirements in roadway projects as well as address energy and climate change issues (1). Select materials are often added to industrial by-products to generate materials suitable for highway construction applications with well-controlled and superior properties (23). The following are the major groups of industrial by-products used in roadway projects (see Fig. 5.11):

Coal Combustion Products (CCPs)

o Fly ash

o Bottom ash

o Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) material

o Boiler slag

o Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) ash

o Cenospheres

Iron and Steel Slag Products

o Blast Furnace Slag (BFS)

o Air-Cooled BFS

o Pelletized BFS

o Expanded BFS

o Granulated BFS or Ground Granulated BFS (GGBFS)

Foundry Sands and Slags

Tire Derived Rubber Materials

Paper Production Materials

Apart from these materials, there are other waste and by-product materials which have been investigated for their potential use in pavement construction (24): baghouse fines, kiln dusts, mineral processing wastes, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator ash, nonferrous slags, quarry by-products, roofing shingle scrap, sewage sludge ash, sulfate wastes, and waste glass (see Fig. 5.12).

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