QUANTUM MECHANICS AND COMMON SENSE by Melton Ayden

Author:Melton, Ayden
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2022-06-11T00:00:00+00:00

fig. 17

Suppose we agree that each particle has a very, very small probability per minute of collapsing (for example, one in a trillion). Then the probability of experimentally observing a collapse in an isolated microscopic system, that is, in a system consisting of a small number of particles, will also be very small (although such collapses must also occur from time to time).

But let us consider, and this is the crucial point, what happens in a macroscopic system; for example, in measuring instruments. The index of the hardness measuring device is made up of trillions of particles (which we can call "1", "2", and so on). The state of [2], for example, expressed in terms of the states of such particles, will look something like this:

[7]

(| x1〉 1 | x1〉 2 | x1〉 3…) | hard〉 and +(| x2〉 1 | x2〉 2 | x2〉 3…) | tender〉 e

where x1 is the index position when it indicates "hard" and x2 is the index position when it indicates "soft".47

Suppose that any one of the index particles, when equal to [7], suddenly collapses (and note that the probability of this occurrence, even within a very small fraction of a second, is very high, since the index is formed by such an imposing number of single particles). Let us then consider the effect on the state of [7]. Suppose that, for example, the i-th index particle undergoes the collapse, and that this particle collapses in the state | x1〉 i. This means that the vector | x2〉 i in [7] is multiplied by 0; and since all the rest of the second term of [7] is multiplied by | x2〉 i, this in turn means that, when the particle collapses, if it happens that it falls into | x1〉 i (and obviously the probability of this occurrence is exactly 1/2),

Therefore the simple and very brilliant conjecture we are considering - originally formulated by Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber (1986), and later re-proposed in a particularly elegant form by Bell (1987a) - implies that in isolated microscopic systems collapses hardly occur. never. It also implies that states such as that of [2] collapse, almost certainly and almost immediately, with ordinary quantum probabilities, into one or the other of the two states of [1]. All this, of course, is exactly what we want from a theory of the collapse of the wave function and, moreover, all this derives from a theory that we are able to explain with absolute scientific clarity, without calling into question (to a fundamental level) "measurements", "amplifications", "recordings", "observers" or "minds". Apparently,

However, a technical difficulty must be faced: the collapses just described leave the particles that undergo them in pure eigenstates of the position operator, and obviously this implies that the moments and energies of these particles, whatever their values ​​were immediately before those collapses , will be completely indeterminate immediately after having suffered them. From this arises a myriad of problems: for example, the electrons of an atom could sometimes acquire,

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