Operations Research and Optimization by Samarjit Kar Ujjwal Maulik & Xiang Li

Author:Samarjit Kar, Ujjwal Maulik & Xiang Li
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer Singapore, Singapore

2 Problem Formulation

To demonstrate the ability of proposed ALO algorithm to cope with interconnected multi-source power system with distinct secondary controller, the simulation study is performed on a widely used interconnected two-area multi-unit multi-source power system having thermal, hydro, and gas power plants [7, 11, 14]. The transfer function model of concerned power system is shown in [7, 11, 14]. In Table 1, are the speed regulation parameters of thermal, hydro, and gas units in Hz/p.u. MW, respectively; are the controlled input to thermal, hydro, and gas power plants, respectively; is time constant of speed governor of thermal unit in sec; is time constant of steam turbine of thermal unit in sec; and are the reheater gain and time constant of thermal unit, respectively; is nominal starting time of water in penstock in sec; is hydro turbine speed governor reset time constant in sec; is hydro turbine speed governor transient droop time constant in sec; is hydro turbine speed governor main servo time constant in sec; is lead time constant of gas turbine speed governor in sec; is lag time constant of gas turbine speed governor in sec; is gas turbine valve positioner; is gas turbine constant of positioner; gas turbine fuel time constant in sec; gas turbine combustion reaction time delay in sec; gas turbine compressor discharge volume time constant in sec; are the bias factor; is synchronizing time constant of tie-line in sec; is time constant of power system in sec; is the gain of power system in Hz/p.u. MW; are the incremental change in frequency of the respective area in Hz; is incremental load change in p.u. The nominal system parameters are collected from [11] and shown in Table 1. The step load increase of 1% in area-1 at s is considered to assess the tuning efficacy of the proposed ALO algorithm.Table 1Nominal values of system parameters [11]

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