EPIDEMIC Examining the Infected Roots of Judaism and Christianity: How do we find God with all this mess? by Houck Russ
Author:Houck, Russ [Houck, Russ]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2019-09-24T16:00:00+00:00
Early Attempts at Reformation
Although the Protestant Reformation officially started in the 1500s, the fires of dissent started immediately after the Council of Nicaea. Pastors and church leaders all over the empire disagreed with the edicts of AD 325 and began having “counter-councils” to refute such notions as Constantine’s godhead doctrine. Because G OD always has a remnant unto Himself, these early Church leaders understood what Constantine’s words meant; they refused to accept the teaching that Yeshua (Jesus) was identical to the Father.
The following is from Bernard Lonergan’s book The Way to Nicaea and is a partial list of councils called to refute the Nicene edicts with the references of each council:
7. Those who were dissatisfied with the Nicene Creed composed many rival creeds, in various places, at various times, and on various occasions, between the years 340 and 360. 22
(1) The second council of Antioch, known as the Dedication Council, was held in 341. Four credal formulae are attributed to this council. Bardy (p. 122) thinks that the second of the four goes back to Ludan of Antioch, and he notes that the fourth did not emerge from the council itself, but was drawn up by four bishops a little later. 23
(2) In 343, the Eastern bishops, refusing to enter into discussion with the “orthodox,” who were gathered together in Sardica, withdrew to Philippopolis, where they held a council of their own and produced their own creed. 24
(3) What is known as the Long-lined Creed, dating from the year 345, is an exposition of the faith prepared for the Emperor Constantius; four Eastern bishops brought it with them to Milan, where they sought to explain the Eastern theological standpoint to their Western colleagues and the Emperor Constans. 25
(4) The first council of Sirmium, held in 35I. 26
(5) The second council of Sirmium, held in 357, produced a creed that Hilary called “the blasphemy of Sirmium.” 27
(6) The third council of Sirmium, held in 358, produced no new creed, but reaffirmed older ones, namely, those composed against Paul of Samosata and Photinus, and one of the creeds attributed to the second council of Antioch. 28
(7) The bipartite general council, held at Rimini in the West and Seleuria in the East, is made up of many different episodes.
(a) The fourth creed of Sirmium, dated May 25, 359, was to be signed by all of the bishops, from the East and from the West alike. This was the emperor's way of preparing the ground for the council. 29
(b) At Rimini, where more than 400 Western bishops had assembled, eighty Arians approved die fourth creed of Sirmium, on July 12, 359. The other bishops rejected it, and reaffirmed the faith of Nicaea. Further, they excommunicated four bishops who were attached to the court of the emperor, namely, Valens, Ursacius, Germinius and Gaius; and they sent a deputation of ten bishops to the Emperor himself. 30
(c) At Nike, in Thrace, on October 10, 359, the delegates from Rimini were forced both to revoke the above-mentioned excommunication and to subscribe to an ambiguously worded creed.
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