Marxism and the Individual by Cem Eroğul

Author:Cem Eroğul
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9783030836627
Publisher: Springer International Publishing

d) The Humanistic Approach and Marxism

The “humanistic approach” emerged in the 1960s, challenging both the Freudian approach of attributing human behaviour to the dominance of the id and the Behaviourist approach of focusing on the involuntary results of learning processes. Believing that these approaches overlooked individual free will and responsibility, this new psychological approach gradually garnered widespread support. The approach’s “… roots lie primarily in two areas: existential philosophy which is decidedly European in flavour, and the work of some American psychologists, most notably Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow”.68

The main arguments of the approach can be summarised as follows:First argument: the adult part of society generally consists of individuals who organise their lives according to free will and, consequently, feel personal responsibility for the things they do. Individuals are generally self-aware. Their most fundamental need is to develop themselves. The direction this takes is dictated not by society but by the different potential inside each person. Self-actualisation happens through fully developing this potential. People must be all they are capable of. Everyone must stay true to their own nature.

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