Fundamentals of Drug Delivery by Roberts Michael S.;Benson Heather A. E.;Williams Adrian C.;Liang Xiaowen;

Author:Roberts, Michael S.;Benson, Heather A. E.;Williams, Adrian C.;Liang, Xiaowen; [Heather A E Benson]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Published: 2021-09-29T14:18:50+00:00

Data from X‐ray microscopy enable the prediction of very early drug penetration as well as of long‐time permeation. Time‐dependent drug penetration was modeled from drug concentration profiles by the 1D general diffusion equation that accounts for spatial variations in the diffusivity and free energy [109]. Despite the unprecedented spatial resolution with this label‐free detection method, the experimental setup does not yet allow high‐throughput sample preparation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy requires a fluorescent probe or a fluorescence label of the probe and a special experimental setting, yet the sample preparation can be adapted to higher throughput of samples [110]. In addition, the spatial correlation of fluorescence lifetimes with tissue structures allows tracking drugs and nanoparticles within tissues [111,112]. The range of detection methods for drugs and nanotransporters has expanded greatly and goes beyond the scope of this chapter. Recent reviews summarize developments from matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight imaging mass spectrometry to atomic‐force microscopy‐based techniques with a spatial resolution below 10 nm [113–115].

In conclusion, the translational success of nanotechnology will profit from innovative concepts and from the use of fit‐for‐purpose preclinical models in combination with high‐content readouts (Figure 11.8). Machine learning for the identification of relevant interactions and the rational qualification of preclinical disease models will enhance value of nanotechnology for clinical application. Despite of the long and stony pathway for decades, nanoparticles will have a future in drug delivery. According to the clinical needs, the focus in dermatology lies on drugs for inflammatory skin diseases and skin cancer.

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