A Popular Dictionary of Islam by Ian Richard Netton

Author:Ian Richard Netton [Netton, Ian Richard]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Social Science, Ethnic Studies, General, Regional Studies
ISBN: 9781135797737
Google: _--lK2ZGp8gC
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2006-03-09T04:40:06+00:00

Konya Known as Iconium in ancient times, Konya in Asia Minor became the capital of the Saljūqs (q.v.) of Rūm and later, a major city of the Ottomans (q.v.). The city boasts much fine Islamic architecture and also contains the tomb of Rūmī (q.v.). (See Bursa; Istanbul.)

Koran See Qur'ān.

al-Kūfa Major city of the Islamic Middle Ages in Iraq, ranking in importance with al-Baṣra (q.v.). The origins of the word ‘Kūfa’ are obscure. The city was founded in 17/638 and functioned as a military citadel, frequently being involved in the politics of the day. Like al-Baṣra, al-Kūfa was important for the development of Islamic and Arab culture as well. Theologically it is of interest in the way that it served as a host for Shī‘ite belief and thought. One of the most important early episodes in the history of al-Kūfa was the pro-Shī‘ite revolt of al-Mukhtār in 66-7/685-6. From the point of view of Islamic art it may be noted that al-Kūfa gave its name to Kūfic script, a monumental style used in both mosque decoration and the writing of early copies of the Qur'ān. It is regarded as the oldest style of writing in Arabic in the post-Muḥammad age. Modern Kūfa is a thriving agricultural city, full of date groves, through which the main branch of the River Euphrates runs. It is very near the sacred city of al-Najaf (q.v.). Kūfa still contains the Mosque of ‘Alī b. Abī Ṭālib (q.v.) where the latter was assassinated, and this is the focus of pious visits. (See Ḥanafīs; Shī‘ism.)

KÅ«fic Script See al-KÅ«fa.

Kufr (Ar.) Infidelity, unbelief, atheism.

Kuttāb (Ar.) [pl. katātīb] Qur'ānic elementary school. (See Qur'ān; Sabīl.)

Lāhawr See Lahore.

Lahore (Lāhawr) Major city of the Pakistani Punjab. It has been ruled throughout its history by a variety of dynasties including the Ghaznavids (q.v.), the Ghūrids (q.v.), the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals (q.v.). It was during the rule of the latter that many of its greatest Islamic and other monuments were erected. (See Delhi.)

Lā ilāha illā ’llāh (Ar.) The first part of the shahāda (q.v.): it means ‘There is no god but God’.

Land Tax See Kharāj.

Las Navas de Tolosa, Battle of Battle fought near the present Spanish town of Santa Elena between the Almohads (q.v.) and Christian forces from Castile, Leon, Aragon and Navarre in 609/1212. The Christian army was commanded by Alfonso VIE of Castile while the Muslims were led by the 4th Almohad caliph Muḥammad al-Nāṣir. The result was a devastating defeat for the Almohads which signalled the beginning of the end as far as their real power in Spain was concerned. The Battle is called al-‘Iqāb by the Arabic sources. (See al-Andalus.)

Last Day, The See Yawm al-Qiyāma.

Last Judgement, The See al-Ḥisāb.

al-Lāt (Ar.) Literally, ‘The Goddess’. Major pre-Islamic Arabian female deity, particularly revered by the tribe of Thaqīf (q.v.). (See Manāt; al-‘Uzzā.)

Law See Sharī‘a.

al-Lawḥ al-Maḥfūẓ (Ar.) The Preserved Tablet. This is a tablet in Heaven on which is to be found the original text of the Qur'ān. The Qur'ān itself specifically refers to the Tablet in the 22nd and last verse of Srūrat al-Burūj (q.

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