4 HESI A2 Practice Tests by Kathy A. Zahler

Author:Kathy A. Zahler
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
Published: 2020-11-15T00:00:00+00:00

Biology

1. (A) The mitochondrion is the organelle found in eukaryotes that supplies most of the cell’s energy by manufacturing ATP.

2. (B) ATP energizes glucose so that it can be broken down, and then the glucose molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell split in half, with each half of the six-carbon glucose becoming a three-carbon substance called pyruvic acid, releasing energy in the process in the form of ATP.

3. (D) Mitosis is cell division that produces new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. Meiosis (choice A) is the type of cell division that produces cells with half of the organism’s normal chromosome number.

4. (A) RNA is ribonucleic acid; its sugar is ribose. DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid; its sugar is deoxyribose.

5. (B) If the disease is carried on the dominant allele, only the aa combination of recessive genes represents a disease-free offspring. On a Punnett square, that would be one out of four offspring.

6. (C) If cells are placed in a very salty solution, water molecules can diffuse across the cell membrane to move from an area of greater concentration of water molecules (inside the cells) to an area with a lesser concentration of water molecules (the solution of salt water).

7. (A) Unlike many creatures, grasshoppers and other insects have a system in which blood circulates through blood vessels that open into spaces between their body organs. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are not exchanged through the blood but instead pass between the cells and the outside of the grasshopper through the tracheas and spiracles.

8. (B) Enzymes are catalysts that speed up reactions. They do this by lowering the amount of energy needed to begin the reaction.

9. (B) The pistil is the female reproductive organ in a flowering plant.

10. (A) Mutualism is the form of symbiosis through which both species receive mutual benefit.

11. (A) The taxonomic categories in order from least to most specific are: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species.

12. (B) Carbohydrates and lipids are made up of different combinations of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Proteins are made up of amino acids, which center around carbon atoms and always contain hydrogen and oxygen plus nitrogen. Nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in their simple sugars plus nitrogen and phosphates.

13. (A) Monerans are prokaryotic, and they do not have vacuoles, centrioles, mitochondria, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticula, nuclear membranes, or Golgi apparatuses.

14. (C) During budding, a cell or cells in the parent’s body produce a smaller version of the parent called a bud. All buds have the exact DNA of the parent. Yeast, hydras, and some plants use this form of asexual reproduction.

15. (A) Anaphase is the second step in mitosis. At this stage, the chromatids pull apart and move toward the centrioles at opposite sides of the cell. Once separated, they are called chromosomes. As anaphase ends, a complete set of chromosomes is at each end of the spindle.

16. (D) DNA is composed of deoxyribose, a simple sugar; nitrogen bases; and a phosphate group.

17. (A) Picture a Punnett square.

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