Will AI Dictate the Future? by Ravindran Anton;

Author:Ravindran, Anton;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Marshall Cavendish International (Asia) Private Limited

AI for Pathology and Radiology

Today, because of the advances in medicine, we can treat many more diseases. Nonetheless, even after many years in practice, medical professionals, including pathologists and radiologists, can still find it challenging to make the correct diagnosis and recommend the best course of treatment. Consequently, patients suffer, resulting in an increasing number of medical negligence lawsuits. According to Newman et al. (2019), an estimated 40,000 to 80,000 deaths occur each year in US hospitals related to misdiagnosis. And an estimated 12 million Americans suffer a diagnostic error each year in a primary care setting, 33% of which result in serious or permanent damage or death. AI has proven to be instrumental in diagnosing diseases expertly and in reading medical images far more accurately and quickly than the naked human eye.

Perhaps one of the most notable contributions of AI applications in medicine is medical imaging. Novel AI and DL models for pathology are a fascinating area of research and can help avoid mistakes by humans involved. These AI models extract information from volumes of medical images, including complex molecular and cellular structures of precise cancer lesions, determine genetic expression, identify the exact location and locate other anatomical objects and images that are difficult for the naked eye of a pathologist or radiologist to see. Studies have found that because of AI and DL algorithms, unnecessary biopsies and surgical excisions can be avoided. Because of AI applications, clinicians are now able to develop a better understanding of how tumours behave as a whole rather than basing treatment decisions on the analysis of a segment of the malignancy. AlexNet and GoogLeNet are two such tools for medical image classification. These AI algorithms are revolutionising the understanding of cancer histology and treatment. These tools can also bring down the cost of expensive specialist treatments as they can be used by general medical practitioners “anytime, anywhere”, as they become pervasive.

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