Recent Advances in Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Computation by Xin-She Yang

Author:Xin-She Yang
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

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where from the interval [−1, 1] is a is a random number, are the scaling parameters, u k is upper bounds and l k is lower bounds. We can see from the pseudo code of the BA that the intensive local search is controlled by the loudness and pulse rate. As the loudness usually decreases once a bat has found its pray, while the rate of pulse emission increases, the loudness can be chosen as any value of convenience. Mathematically, these characteristics are defined with the following equations:

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