Pregnancy and Obesity by Cynthia Maxwell Dan Farine

Author:Cynthia Maxwell, Dan Farine
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Published: 2017-07-15T00:00:00+00:00

Tim Van Mieghem, Johannes Keunen, Rory Windrim and Greg Ryan

13 Fetal anomalies in obese women

13.1Introduction

Worldwide, the prevalence of obesity has doubled since the 1980s. Thirty-nine percent of adults are overweight and 13% are obese [1]. It is therefore not surprising that the incidence of maternal obesity in pregnancy is also on the rise. In Canada, the rate of obesity among women of reproductive age was 15% to 20% in 2014 [2]. Fifteen percent of obese pregnant women will be morbidly obese (body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2) and 2% will be superobese (BMI >50 kg/m2) [3]. The maternal obstetric risks of obesity are well-known and include gestational diabetes, hypertension, sleep disordered breathing, cesarean section, failed anesthesia, and venous thromboembolism [4]. From the fetal perspective, the increased incidence of macrosomia and ensuing shoulder dystocia is the most feared complication. The risk of prematurity, fetal anomalies, and intrauterine death is also increased.

The aim of this chapter is to review the current knowledge regarding the association between maternal obesity and fetal anomalies, and to describe how obesity may limit the detection and therapy of such anomalies.

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