New Short History of the Catholic Church by Tanner Norman

Author:Tanner, Norman [Tanner, Norman]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Continuum UK
Published: 2011-04-21T04:00:00+00:00

Other orders, numbers, and critics

Quite a number of other, smaller orders of friars were founded during this time. Some of them still flourish today, including the order of Servite friars, which was founded by seven merchants of Florence in the mid-thirteenth century. Various other orders of men were founded to meet particular needs of the age. The Knights Hospitallers, who flourish today as the Knights of Malta, were founded in the early twelfth century to care for pilgrims to the Holy Land. The Knights Templar were founded shortly afterwards with the principal task of providing military defence for the Holy Land, but the order was suppressed by the council of Vienne in 1311. The Trinitarian order was founded in 1198, principally to ransom Christians held captive by Muslims. Peter Nolasco founded the Mercedarian order shortly afterwards for similar purposes. The order of Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross, better known today as the Crosier Fathers, was founded in the early thirteenth century for a variety of apostolates including preaching and good liturgy. We have already noted the double-monastery of Whitby governed by the abbess Hilda in the seventh century. Another ‘double’ order was founded in England in the twelfth century, by the long-lived Gilbert of Sempringham (1083–1189). The men (canons) were to provide spiritual direction and liturgical services for the nuns. At Gilbert’s death there were nine double monasteries of the order, and four for men only, all in England. The total number had risen to twenty-five when the order was dissolved by king Henry VIII.

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