Modern Approaches to Agent-based Complex Automated Negotiation by Katsuhide Fujita Quan Bai Takayuki Ito Minjie Zhang Fenghui Ren Reyhan Aydoğan & Rafik Hadfi

Author:Katsuhide Fujita, Quan Bai, Takayuki Ito, Minjie Zhang, Fenghui Ren, Reyhan Aydoğan & Rafik Hadfi
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

8 Conclusions and Future Work

In this paper, a negotiation-based policy generation model was proposed to solve the problem of lacking of agreement evaluation methods in existing work and guide agents to make appropriate decisions to achieve better outcomes. The first one is a utility-based evaluation method. It handles reasoning about how concessions and preferences of policies affect an agent’s utility. In this method, a fuzzy reasoning was used to calculate concessional utility of an offer for an agent based on intuitive fuzzy rules. The second one is a consistency-based evaluation method. It calculates the similarity between an agent’s ideal state and an offer. The similarity is represented by a prioritised consistency degree, and a specific priority operator is used to express the influence of preferences of policies contributing to consistency. The experimental results showed that different evaluation methods of offers can result in different outcomes and the proposed policy generation model can efficiently handle situations where utilities of policies are hard to obtain, and successfully lead the political negotiation to an agreement. With the help of evaluation methods, an agent can make less utility concessions than a traditional one.

The future work will pay attention to negotiation strategies. An extended negotiation protocol will also be developed by adding an information transfer module between agents or in a coalition to model the cooperation between the parties in policy generation scenarios.

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