Materializing the Middle Passage by Jane Webster;

Author:Jane Webster; [Webster, Jane]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780198883562
Publisher: Oxford University Press USA
Published: 2023-10-24T00:00:00+00:00

Materializing the Middle Passage: A Historical Archaeology of British Slave Shipping, 1680–1807. Jane Webster, Oxford University Press. © Jane Webster 2023. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780199214594.003.0008

Notes

1. Clarkson (1808: ii. 13).

2. See Walvin (2017) for excellent summary overviews concerning the domestic consumption of the sugar, tobacco, and other goods produced by the enslaved in the British colonies.

3. On the reuse of traded gold in the acquisition of captives on Daniel and Henry, see Tattersfield (1991: 123–40).

4. Eltis (1994: 242).

5. On the factors informing the decline of the gold trade, see Metcalf (1987: 380–1).

6. Lynn (1997: 12–13; see in particular table 1.1).

7. Hair and Alsop (1992); Alsop (2012); for wills of sea surgeons 1553–1660, see Alsop (1990).

8. Hair and Alsop (1992: 320), citing TNA: PROB 11/48, f. 162.

9. Alsop (2012: 99).

10. TNA: PROB 11/396; the voyage is TSTD 15038. Some sailors also carried silver coinage that had not been acquired in Africa. John Beale, mariner on the RAC ship Providence, made a will in 1674 on the middle passage from the Gold Coast to Barbados (TNA: PROB 11/343). He bequeathed ‘sixtie pieces of eight to be equally divided between them’ to his fellow sailors Robert Seaman (master) and Thomas Woodfine. Presumably Beale had acquired these silver reals (coins of Spanish origin but widely used across the Caribbean) in the course of his sailing career.

11. Hair et al. (1992: ii. 499, n. 9) discuss the various iterations (1679, 1688, and 1732) of Barbot’s illustration of Akan goldwork. See Bassani (2000: 68, no. 261) for the 1769 drawing, and, for the 1732 version, Churchill and Churchill (1732: v, plate 22).

12. For the wreck, see Hamilton (2006). For the gold ornaments, see Clifford (1999: 206–7) and Bassani (2000: 220, no. 681).

13. Wilde-Ramsing and Ewen (2012: 127).

14. Price (2016: 162).

15. Tattersfield (1991: 115).

16. Tattersfield (1991: 164–5).

17. See Jones (1994: 352) for the suggestion that gold weights were among the portable objects imported into Britain from the Gold Coast before the nineteenth century.

18. No gold weights are included in Bassani’s catalogue (2000) of African objects entering European collections before 1800.

19. Stahl (2015: 74).

20. As calculated by Feinberg and Johnson (1982: 445, table IV-A), the RAC imported 5705.34 cwt of ivory between 1699 and 1725.

21. Chaiklin (2010: 6).

22. Stahl (2015: 78).

23. Stahl (2015: 77), citing NML: D/DAV/10/12. Badger (TSTD 92536) traded for captives, and ivory, at Cameroons River.

24. While numerous commentators (including van Harten 1970: 209) speculate that a bill passed in the reign of George III to prevent the use of melegueta as an adulterant in beer will have led to a collapse in imports of the spice, this Act was not passed until 1809 and related specifically to Ireland (49 Geo. III c. 57).

25. Bartlet (1764: 223).

26. Bullman (1789: 34).

27. Kirby Talley (1997: 43).

28. This recipe is to be found in Anon. (1773).

29. Ballardie (1998) reproduces numerous seventeenth- and eighteenth-century varnish recipes including copal.

30. Bassani (2000: 171): these passed from Henry to his sister Isobel and onwards to her son, Charles the Bold.

31. Bassani and McLeod (1985: 246); Jones (1994: 352).

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