Exemplarity and Singularity: Thinking Through Particulars in Philosophy, Literature, and Law by Michele Lowrie & Susanne Lüdemann

Author:Michele Lowrie & Susanne Lüdemann [Lowrie, Michele & Lüdemann, Susanne]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, Ancient, Rome, Law, General, Jurisprudence, Legal History, Literary Criticism, Ancient & Classical, Semiotics & Theory, Philosophy, Movements, Phenomenology
ISBN: 9781317696391
Google: woBKCAAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2015-04-17T20:36:29+00:00

Endnotes

1

Giorgio Agamben has most recently worked out their mutual interference in his discursive history of the homo sacer (Agamben 1998: 45–68) and in The Signature of All Things (Agamben 2009: 9–32).

2

Exemplum is composed of the prefix ex-, the verbal stem em- (“to take”) and the suffix -lo, which generally indicates the tool for an action: in this action, the carrying out is just as included as its result. See in particular Kornhardt (1936) 1–9.

3

Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, s.v. exemplum I.1. Grammatician and lexicographer Festus differentiates the semantics of the exemplum from those of the exemplar: on his account, the exemplar primarily describes something sensually perceptible (ante oculos), whereas the exemplum describes a cognitively perceptible example. See for this Lowrie (work in progress).

4

Junctures of exemplum and sumere are common: promere, in promptu habere, proponere, proferre, prodere, edere, ostendere, capere, petere, expetere, contueri, intueri, praebere, sequi, (exemplo) uti (later, connections that extend beyond this basic meaning are added, such as with narrare, animo repetere, nosse etc.). On the basic meaning, see for example: Cic. inv. 1.88; rep. 2.66; Verr. 2.2.118; Verr. 2.5.137; Rhet. Her. 4. 9; 4. 10.

5

The Greek paradeigma, however, distinguishes itself quite clearly in its semantics from the Latin exemplum: the paradeigma is, particularly in Aristotle’s representation, not defined with respect to its participation in the whole, but rather placed into relation with other, preceding examples – ones which can at most build a serial sequence. This distinction is ignored by Agamben in The Signature of All Things, such that his comments collected there on the theme are only of secondary importance. See Agamben (2009) 9–32.

6

See Haverkamp in this volume, 47–9. Lowrie (work in progress, “Exemplum,” subsection “Singularity/Plurality ”).

7

Regarding this, see the contribution from Waldenfels in this volume. On the paradox of plurality see Lowrie (work in progress, “Exemplum,” subsection “Singularity/Plurality”).

8

Eius partes sunt tres: imago, collatio, exemplum. The imago aims for a physical similarity, the collatio for a comparison based in similarity at the level of the thing. In the argumentatio, the probabile is achieved through signum, credibile, iudicatum or comparabile (which is, in turn, expanded into three categories). This is the primary source of the affinity between example, metaphor and allegory, which at the same time marks the interface of inventio and elocutio: as a result, from this vantage point “the credibility which is to be guaranteed by adducing an exemplar […] is not capable of being sharply distinguished from its illustrative or digressive character” (Ruchatz et al. 2007: 9).

9

Quintilian differentiates further in the case of the simile into the totum simile (proportional: ex maioribus ad minora or ex minoribus ad maiora) and the exemplum in the true sense, which proves to be particularly efficient for the persuasio: “[…] rei gestae aut ut gestae utilis ad persuadendum id, quod intenderis, commemoratio” (the mention of a useful, real, or allegedly real act to produce conviction in what you are claiming, 5.11.6).

10

This is, above all, developed with examples that refer to generic, topical, modal, and similar backgrounds.

11

Regarding this, see the remarks in

Download

Copyright Disclaimer:
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.