Essentials of Adaptive Behavior Assessment of Neurodevelopmental Disorders by Klaiman Cheryl;Saulnier Celine A.; & Cheryl Klaiman

Author:Klaiman, Cheryl;Saulnier, Celine A.; & Cheryl Klaiman [Saulnier, Celine A. & Klaiman, Cheryl]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
Published: 2018-05-08T00:00:00+00:00

HEARING IMPAIRMENTS

More than one‐third of children who are deaf or hard of hearing have comorbid disabilities including learning disabilities, ADHD, ASD, motor impairments, developmental or cognitive delays, and visual deficits (e.g., Daneshi & Hassanzadeh, 2007; Van Naarden, Decouflé, & Caldwell, 1999). As with many other clinical conditions, it is these co‐occurring conditions that can have the greatest impact on adaptive functioning. An early study by Dunlap and Sands (1990) conducted a cluster analysis on adaptive behaviors in a sample of hearing‐impaired children and found that the lowest adaptive scores were not in those children with the most‐severe hearing loss but rather in those with multiple disabilities (Dunlap & Sands, 1990).

The Vineland‐II normative sample included hearing‐impaired individuals as a clinical group. Individuals with hearing impairments showed lower adaptive scores than the nonclinical reference group, with communication and daily living skills falling below socialization skills. However, the hearing‐impaired sample had higher adaptive skills in comparison to those with visual impairments (Sparrow, Cicchetti, & Balla, 2005).

With advances in technology, an increasing number of children with hearing impairments are candidates for cochlear implants. The success of these implants and the developmental gains made as a result, often depend on the overall level of disability given co‐occurring conditions. Thus, understanding adaptive behavior profiles in hearing‐impaired children again takes into consideration the parsing out of comorbidity. Studies examining deaf children who received cochlear implants have shown that children who had additional disabilities still progressed in development but at a slower pace than those without comorbid conditions (Daneshi & Hassanzadeh, 2007; Donaldson, Heavner, & Zwolan, 2004). When specifically studying adaptive behavior profiles, deaf children who have additional disabilities have lower adaptive scores in all areas compared to same‐aged peers. However, following cochlear implants, deaf children with and without comorbid conditions made gains in adaptive daily living and socialization skills, even in some children who did not make gains in expressive language (Beer, Harris, Kronenberger, Holt, & Pisoni, 2012).

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