Digital International Relations by Unknown

Author:Unknown
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9789819934676
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

For out-of-work respondents, platform employment probably plays the role of episodic (17.2% of respondents in this category) or regular part-time work (7.6% of respondents). Groups of citizens that would fall into this category include unemployed citizens, students, pensioners, mothers on maternity leave and those who provide full-time child care.

The highest level of regular platform employment is observed among individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed, and those working at their own enterprises. The lowest level is observed among employees on permanent contracts.

Episodic platform employment is more prevalent among younger people: 27.2% of people aged 18–24 and 25.7% of people aged 25–34 years said that they had provided services using online platforms at least once (Fig. 11.1). At the same time, the 25–34 demographic makes the greatest contribution to both episodic and regular employment. Among them, the proportion of the population for whom such work has become regular (including as their main form of employment) reaches 12.3%. Since the level of participation of people aged 45–54 in regular platform employment is relatively high (10.7%), awareness of information about finding a job through special sites is significant. Lack of experience is characteristic of the oldest group—respondents aged 55–64 (74.3%).

The majority of those who actively use these new employment opportunities are students and people who have temporarily found themselves out of work due to the socio-economic instability of the market in recent years.

According to the Center for Strategic Research, 86% of people who use the platform see searching for employment through the digital platform as a temporary solution. However, as experience of platform employment accumulates, this format may become permanent—this much is suggested by the results of sociological research and the work of the HSE Institute for Social Policy. The target audience of the Center for Strategic Research were couriers working in Russia with at least one month of work experience, as well as taxi drivers and those who offer other services. The sample of couriers included more than 2000 respondents who were interviewed on the streets of 14 cities (Center for Strategic Research, 2021). According to ILO researchers (Aleksynska, 2021), approximately 70 online platforms were operating on the Russian-language internet in 2014, six of which boasted more than 100,000 registered users and around half of them had less than 5000 users, which was partly explained by the very narrow labour specialization of vacancies presented on the platform. However, the situation had changed significantly five years later. By 2019, at least one of the platforms had more than 3 million active users, and at least two had more than 1 million, including such platforms as: https://​youdo.​com/​ and https://​profi.​ru/​about/​.

Separate estimates of the number of people employed on the platforms can be found on their official websites. For example, as of March 2022, the number of registered users on the YouDo platform exceeded 2.3 million, followed by Profi.ru with 1.8 million users. Some 15,000 tutors actively find work through Repetitor.ru. At the same time, according to opinion polls, as noted by Rossiyskaya Gazeta (Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 2021), approximately

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