Artificial Intelligence With Python: Your Complete Guide to Building Intelligent Apps Using Python 3.x, 2nd Edition by Alberto Artasanchez & Prateek Joshi

Author:Alberto Artasanchez & Prateek Joshi [Artasanchez, Alberto & Joshi, Prateek]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Computers, Artificial Intelligence, General, Natural Language Processing, Languages, Python
ISBN: 9781839216077
Google: P0fODwAAQBAJ
Goodreads: 51111288
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Published: 2020-01-31T07:57:40+00:00

Methods Borrowed from Capitalism

Because of the way it functions, the economic accounting system is inseparably linked to the dull instruments left to us by capitalism. It cannot work without capitalist economic mechanisms and categories borrowed from the capitalist market system, and it assimilates these mechanisms and categories not as limitations but as virtues. Using these categories and the economic and social structures and relations they describe in capitalist society makes it difficult, however, to deal with a reality whose characteristics are not theoretically understood. The law of value is an element of Marxist economic theory that has been torn out of its context as the fundamental law of motion of capitalism and converted into a fundamental pillar of more than one theory on the political economy of the transition to socialism. Che’s critical analysis of such use of the law of value is one of his greatest contributions to Marxist-Leninist theory.

His position can be summed up as follows: Rejecting the law of value as the guiding principle in the transition to communism, he distinguished between acknowledging the existence of a series of capitalist relations that necessarily persist during the transition (including the law of value, given its character as an economic law—that is, as an expression of certain economic tendencies) and suggesting the possibility of managing the economy by the conscious and fundamental use of the law of value and its corollaries. He denied that the transition to communism—even in its first phases—had to unfold in accordance with the law of value and the other categories of commodity production implied by its use and that the monetary-commodity relations that reached their highest development under capitalism had to be developed in the transition period as a vehicle for achieving communist society. He rejected the idea that it was impossible to avoid using “the commodity category in relations among state enterprises,” considering “all such establishments to be part of the single large enterprise that is the state” (Guevara, 1987:220). He held it necessary to implement economic policies that would lead to the gradual withering away of the old relations, including the market, money (so long as its functions were distorted), and thus the lever of direct material self-interest, or, better, would lead to the elimination of the conditions that gave rise to these relations:

We understand that capitalist categories are retained for a time and that the length of this time cannot be determined beforehand. But the characteristics of the transition period are those of a society throwing off its old bonds in order to arrive quickly at the new stage.

The tendency must be, in our opinion, to eliminate as vigorously as possible the old categories, including the market, money, and, therefore, the lever of material interest—or, to put it better, to eliminate the conditions for their existence. (Guevara, 1987:219)

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