Social Orders and Social Classes in Europe Since 1500 by M. L. Bush

Author:M. L. Bush [Bush, M. L.]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780582083431
Google: ndgFBAAAQBAJ
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Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Published: 1992-01-20T00:00:00+00:00

1 Williams Keywords: a Vocabulary of Culture and Society (London, 1976), p. 37.

2 On shifting usages of ‘bourgeois’ in France, see M. Vovelle and D. Roche, ‘Bourgeois, rentiers, and property owners: elements for defining a social category at the end of the eighteenth century’, in J. Kaplow (ed.) New Perspectives on the French Revolution: Readings in Historical Sociology (New York, 1965), pp. 25–7.

3 For discussion of the ‘middle class’ within the class structure of contemporary societies, see N. Abercrombie and J. Urry, Capital, Labour and the Middle Classes (London, 1983), and R. Carter, Capitalism, Class Conflict and the New Middle Class (London, 1985).

4 For accounts of the language of class in this period, see A. Briggs, ‘The Language of class in early nineteenth-century England’, in A. Briggs and J. Saville (eds.) Essays in Labour History (London, 1960); S. Wallech, ’Class versus rank: the transformation of eighteenth-century English social terms and theories of production’, Journal of the History of Ideas 47 (1986).

5 See G. Holmes, ‘Gregory King and the social structure of pre-industrial England’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series, 27. (1977); P. Mathias, ‘The social structure in the eighteenth century: a calculation by Joseph Massie’, in Mathias, The Transformation of England: Essays in the Economic and Social History of England in the Eighteenth Century (London, 1979); H. Perkin, The Origins of Modern English Society, 1780–1800 (London, 1969), ch. 2.

6 Perkin, op. rit.

7 See the discussion in P.J. Corfield and S. Kelly, ‘Giving directions to the town: the early town directories’, Urban History Yearbook, 1984: 22–35.

8 S. Nenadic, ‘Record linkage and the exploration of nineteenth-century social groups: a methodological perspective on the Glasgow middle class in 1861’, Urban History Yearbook 1987: 34.

9 The Merchant and Manufacturers Magazine of Trade and Commerce (1785): 135.

10 R.Q. Gray, The Labour Aristocracy in Victorian Edinburgh (Oxford, 1976), p. 191.

11 See T. R. Gourvish, ‘The rise of the professions’ in R.G. Gourvish and A. O’Day (eds.) Later Victorian Britain 1867–1900 (London, 1988), pp. 18–19.

12 See E. Higgs, Making Sense of the Census: The Manuscript Returns for England and Wales, 1801–1901 (Public Record Office Handbook 23, 1989).

13 On impoverished medical men see e.g. H. Marland, Medicine and Society in Wakefield and Huddersfield, 1780–1870 (Cambridge, 1987), esp. ch. 7.

14 Quoted in D. Lockwood, The Blackcoated Worker: A Study in Class Consciousness (2nd ed. Oxford, 1989), p. 26.

15 This material comes from the Pease Papers in the Wilberforce House Museum, Hull.

16 The most detailed account of the Losh family is in H. Lonsdale, The Worthies of Cumberland (London, 1873), vol. IV, esp. pp. 186–96.

17 For Henry, see W.V. Farrah, K. Farrah and E.L. Scott, ‘The Henrys of Manchester’, in Ambix: Journal of Alchemy and Early Chemistry, 12 (1974), nos. 2 and 3.

18 Quoted in P. Earle, The World of Defoe (London, 1976), p. 166.

19 The best account of middle-class living standards remains J. A. Banks, Prosperity and Parenthood: A Study of Family Planning among the Victorian Middle Classes (London, 1954).

20 See H. Perkin, The Rise of Professional Society: England since 1880 (London, 1989), pp.

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