Sex, Identity and Hermaphrodites in Iberia, 1500–1800 by Francisco Vazquez Garcia

Author:Francisco Vazquez Garcia [Garcia, Francisco Vazquez]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: History, General, Europe, Spain & Portugal
ISBN: 9781317321194
Google: g5FECgAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2015-10-06T01:25:55+00:00

NOTES

Introduction: Sex, Gender and Historicity

1. A. A. de Aguiar, ‘Pseudo-hermafroditismo feminino (caso português do século XVII)’, Archivo de Medicina Legal, 2:4 supplement, 1923–5 (1928), pp. 432–6. In Chapter 4, this case and other work by de Aguiar is discussed more fully. A neglected figure in Portuguese medical history, de Aguiar has been the subject of a short account by F. Molina Artaloytia, ‘Estigma e interacción: un análisis filosófico del discurso del Dr. Asdrúbal d’ Aguiar sobre el homoerotismo’, in A. L. Pereira and J. R. Pita (eds), III Jornadas de História da Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental. Reunião Internacional (Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra-CEIS 20, 2012), pp. 7–12.

2. De Aguiar, ‘Pseudo-hermafroditismo feminino’, p. 432.

3. See, for example, J. A. Pires de Lima, ‘Hermafroditismo e Inter-Sexualidade’, A Medicina Contemporânea, 44 (1939), pp. 473–8.

4. The important study by F. Soyer, Ambiguous Gender in Early Modern Spain and Portugal: Inquisitors, Doctors and the Transgression of Gender Norms (Leiden and Boston, MA: Brill, 2012), was published as we were writing this book. The emphasis of this author is placed on the analysis of the thought and practice of the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal and less on the cultural, medical and theological paradigms of the period. In addition, Soyer’s book discusses a broader range of ‘ambiguous gender’ patterns than our prime focus on hermaphroditism.

5. See, for example, C. Bravo-Villasante, La Mujer Vestida de Hombre en el Teatro Español (siglos XVI–XVII) (1955; Madrid: Mayo de Oro, 1988); S. Velasco, The Lieutenant Nun: Transgenderism, Lesbian Desire and Catalina de Erauso (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 2000). Cf. n. 16 for a fuller set of references.

6. See the otherwise excellent K. P. Long, Hermaphrodites in Renaissance Europe (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006) as an example.

7. Portugal was, of course, placed under Spanish rule from 1580, just after the death of the heirless King Sebastian, until the victory of the Portuguese in the war of independence in 1640.

8. M. Foucault, The History of sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990), p. 101.

9. See I. Burshatin, ‘Written on the Body: Slave or Hermaphrodite in Sixteenth-Century Spain’, in J. Blackmore and G. S. Hutcheson (eds), Queer Iberia: Sexualities, Cultures and Crossings from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999), pp. 420–56, esp. pp. 423–4. For a later period, but in comparative mode, see F. Molina Artaloytia, ‘Los avatares (ibéricos) de la noción de sodomía entre la Ilustración y el Romanticismo’, in F. Durán López (ed.), Obscenidad, vergüenza, tabú: contornos y retornos de lo reprimido entre los siglos XVIII y XIX (Cadiz: Universidad de Cádiz, 2012), pp. 101–20.

10. N. J. Efron, ‘Nature, Human Nature, and Jewish Nature in Early Modern Europe’, Science in Context, 15:1 (2002), pp. 29–49, has argued that the marginal or persecuted dimension of Jewish experience contributed to different concepts of nature. On the ‘rediscovery’ of Greek philosophical thought via the Islamic presence in Italy and Spain in the early new millennium, and the thought of Albucasis on hermaphroditism as presented in his On Surgery and Instruments, see R.

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