Medicinal Plants of Ecuador by Pablo Chong Aguirre & Migdalia Miranda Martínez & Patricia Manzano Santana

Author:Pablo Chong Aguirre & Migdalia Miranda Martínez & Patricia Manzano Santana
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
Publisher: CRC Press
Published: 2023-06-15T00:00:00+00:00

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE USES

The infusion of the twigs is topically applied for eye irritation, vaginal washes and skin rash. The sap from crushed leaves is directly spread over the external ear canal to treat pain (Ríos et al. 2007).

PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF PLANT

Terpene compounds were the predominant compound class identified by GC-MS analysis: 1,8-cineole (50.63%), camphor (13.27%) and α -pinene (10.11%) (Feriotto et al. 2018).

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

Rosemary oil showed free radical scavenging capacity and hepatoprotective activity (Rašković et al. 2014). The essential oil promoted wound healing in rats by topical application. This action appears to be associated with 1,8-cineole and α -pinene (Labib et al. 2019).

The essential oil exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of arachidonic acid cascade and NF-κB transcription. Also, the R. officinalis oil generated smooth muscle relaxation. The antioxidant capacity of the oil is related to the activity of β-pinene, limonene, γ-terpinene, linalool, terpin-4-ol, α-terpineol and β-caryophyllene for oxygen radical absorption (Borges et al. 2019). Moreover, eucalyptol (1,8-cineole) showed in vitro pro-apoptotic activity by regulating the p53 signaling pathway. Hence, it is a potential candidate for carcinoma treatment (Sampath et al. 2018).

Camphor is an immunomodulator capable of increasing the phagocytic response in mice (Lin et al. 2018). There is evidence of a remarkable selection capacity of camphor carboxylate complexes for ovarian cancer cells (Carvalho et al. 2018). Camphor also presented antifungal activity against Candida albicans (Manoharan et al. 2017). The antimicrobial activity of the oil and its main constituents was evaluated against bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and fungi (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). The rosemary oil exhibited higher antibacterial and antifungal activity than the isolated main compounds (1,8-cineole and α -pinene) (Jiang et al. 2011).

Inhalation of rosemary oil improved stress-related psychiatric disorders by decreasing serum corticosterone and increasing brain dopamine concentrations in mice. These pharmacological effects are probably associated with the anxiolytic properties of α-pinene (Villareal et al. 2017). Other medical applications on nervous system disorders include memory boosting and Alzheimer’s treatment (Benny and Thomas 2019), (Rahbardar and Hosseinzadeh 2020).

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