Man of High Empire by Gibson Roy K.;

Author:Gibson, Roy K.; [Gibson, Roy K.;]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9780199948192
Publisher: OxfordUP
Published: 2020-09-15T00:00:00+00:00

Notes

1.A conceptual debt in this chapter to Champlin (2001) = (2016) on ‘Pliny’s other country’ (Umbria) is gratefully acknowledged.

2.For the historical and physical evolution of the Laurentine shore from antiquity to today and survey of excavations there since the eighteenth century, see Claridge (1997–8), (f’coming); cf. the still useful Lanciani (1909, 306–31). For a cultural history of the ager Laurens, see Purcell (1998a) = (1998b).

3.For a survey of archaeological discoveries in the area, see Lauro and Claridge (1998), with fold-out map at p. 40. For a history of attempts to locate Pliny’s villa on the shoreline, see Du Prey (1994, 82–106, 148–9), Miziotek (2016, 72–4). On the possible locations of Pliny’s villas, see Appendix 2.

4.For the half-day journey after normal conclusion of business at noon, see Whitton (2013, 225).

5.2.17.2–3 decem septem milibus passuum ab urbe secessit, ut peractis quae agenda fuerint saluo iam et composito die possis ibi manere. aditur non una uia; nam et Laurentina et Ostiensis eodem ferunt, sed Laurentina a quarto decimo lapide, Ostiensis ab undecimo relinquenda est. utrimque excipit iter aliqua ex parte harenosum, iunctis paulo grauius et longius, equo breue et molle. uaria hinc atque inde facies; nam modo occurrentibus siluis uia coartatur, modo latissimis pratis diffunditur et patescit; multi greges ouium, multa ibi equorum boum armenta, quae montibus hieme depulsa herbis et tepore uerno nitescunt.

6.For ancient roads in the district, see Appendix 2.

7.See, respectively, Spencer (2010, 115–16 with n. 173); Whitton (2013, 226) with reference to 8.1.1, Sen. Ep. 87.2; Whitton (2013, 227); and Purcell (1998a, 18) = (1998b, 8).

8.Purcell (1998a, 18) = (1998b, 8); cf. Purcell (1998a, 27) = (1998b, 17) for venerated relics of Aeneas in the area. For the cultural reputation of the area and the influence of Vergil on it, see Purcell (1998a, 18–21) = (1998b, 8–11); cf. the richly detailed study of Verg. Aen. 7.1–135 by Boas (1938).

9.Purcell (1998a, 23) = (1998b, 13).

10.2.17.26–7 litus ornant uarietate gratissima nunc continua nunc intermissa tecta uillarum, quae praestant multarum urbium faciem, siue mari siue ipso litore utare.

11.‘Tuscan’: the matter is complex. The Augustan division of Italy into administrative regions led to the inclusion within Umbria of areas and towns that were ethnically Etruscan; see Sisani (2008), developing the ideas of Kolendo (1969). Such boundary changes had little impact on local identities; hence Pliny’s reference to his estate and nearby Tifernum as Tuscan. (The Augustan regions leave their only substantial historical mark in the work of the Elder Pliny; see Bispham (2007b).) The ethnic boundary between Etruria and Umbria may have lain much further to the east (Sisani (2008, 60–1). I use the Augustan region of Umbria to unite Pliny’s connections on the east bank of the Tiber without making claims for the relevance of that region to all of its inhabitants. For Pliny’s connections on the east bank of the Tiber, see later in this chapter.

12.The assumption of a five-day journey coheres with the route traced in 1.4.1; cf. Sherwin-White (1966, 574–5), using also 2.17.2, 6.10. For sceptical reflection on speeds of travel within Italy reported in Cicero and Tacitus, see Woodman (2017, 109).

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