The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia: A Populist Hegemony? by Aurélien Mondon

The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia: A Populist Hegemony? by Aurélien Mondon

Author:Aurélien Mondon [Mondon, Aurélien]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General, Political Ideologies
ISBN: 9781317024996
Google: xX-1CwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-03-09T10:57:36+00:00


1 This Etienne Balibar more appropriately called the ‘intolerance threshold’ (Balibar 1997a: 292).

2 While 58 per cent of the French believed that insecurity was one of the three most important factors in their decision during the first round of the elections (74 per cent in Le Pen’s electorate), 68 per cent felt ‘entirely’ or ‘rather’ safe in their daily life (Mayer 2002: 351–355).

3 ‘Scum’ (racaille) was a term used by Maurras, who added that in France ‘one comes in at ease, does whatever one pleases and leaves only if one wants to’ (Gautier 2009: 403). Sarkozy had ‘had enough of always feeling one has to apologise for being French’ and believed that ‘if some don’t like France, they should feel free to leave it’ (Sarkozy 22 April 2006). This sentence was reminiscent of the slogans used first by Le Pen and then by Philippe de Villiers: ‘France, love it or leave it!’, slogans which are in turn similar to the nationalist reaction of the past two decades in Australia, which argued, ‘Australia, love it or leave’.

4 For more detail on Sarkozy’s speeches, see Veronis and Calvet (2008).

5 Symbolically, Sarkozy’s first minister for this polemical portfolio was found guilty of a racial slur in 2010 (AFP 4 June 2010).

6 Strikingly, Marine Le Pen utilised almost exactly the same argument against Sarkozy in her 2012 campaign. Most recently, she insisted that she was the candidate with ‘concrete’ ideas, as opposed to others and their ‘opaque’ programmes (Le Pen 12 January 2012).

7 Simone Veil is one of the central figures of Gaullism, who survived the concentration camps. She was a popular minister of health, but was also the first woman to become president of the European Parliament, a post she held between 1979 and 1982. According to recent surveys, Veil is the most liked woman in France in 2010 (Le Journal du Dimanche 5 March 2010).

8 After Mégret’s MNR seceded from the Front National, Sarkozy, then leader of Chirac’s RPR, declared himself favourable to welcoming ‘electors and militants who wanted to move away from their party’ (Gautier 2009: 396).

9 This phrase was made famous during the 1996 campaign when Howard described his vision of Australia in the 2000s as ‘relaxed’ and ‘comfortable’ (Howard 19 February 1996).

10 The use of the term ‘political correctness’ in most major Australian newspapers increased dramatically between 1993 and 1998 (Markus 2001: 98).

11 In early 1996, a poll showed that ‘more than half of the voters do not believe the parties will keep their promises if elected’ (Warhurst 1997: 6).

12 ‘For All of Us’ was the Liberal slogan in the 1996 election.

13 Andrew Robb said that ‘For All of Us’ ‘was aimed predominantly at middle Australia … to reach people who legitimately felt betrayed’ (Robb 1997: 37). Howard argued the slogan ‘brought together in a very effective fashion the mood and resentments of the Australian people towards the type of government that they had experienced over 13 years’ (Howard 22 September 1996).

14 ‘Son, you’re Australian, that’s enough for anyone



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