The Mainstreaming of the Extreme Right in France and Australia: A Populist Hegemony? by Aurélien Mondon
Author:Aurélien Mondon [Mondon, Aurélien]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General, Political Ideologies
ISBN: 9781317024996
Google: xX-1CwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2016-03-09T10:57:36+00:00
1 This Etienne Balibar more appropriately called the âintolerance thresholdâ (Balibar 1997a: 292).
2 While 58 per cent of the French believed that insecurity was one of the three most important factors in their decision during the first round of the elections (74 per cent in Le Penâs electorate), 68 per cent felt âentirelyâ or âratherâ safe in their daily life (Mayer 2002: 351â355).
3 âScumâ (racaille) was a term used by Maurras, who added that in France âone comes in at ease, does whatever one pleases and leaves only if one wants toâ (Gautier 2009: 403). Sarkozy had âhad enough of always feeling one has to apologise for being Frenchâ and believed that âif some donât like France, they should feel free to leave itâ (Sarkozy 22 April 2006). This sentence was reminiscent of the slogans used first by Le Pen and then by Philippe de Villiers: âFrance, love it or leave it!â, slogans which are in turn similar to the nationalist reaction of the past two decades in Australia, which argued, âAustralia, love it or leaveâ.
4 For more detail on Sarkozyâs speeches, see Veronis and Calvet (2008).
5 Symbolically, Sarkozyâs first minister for this polemical portfolio was found guilty of a racial slur in 2010 (AFP 4 June 2010).
6 Strikingly, Marine Le Pen utilised almost exactly the same argument against Sarkozy in her 2012 campaign. Most recently, she insisted that she was the candidate with âconcreteâ ideas, as opposed to others and their âopaqueâ programmes (Le Pen 12 January 2012).
7 Simone Veil is one of the central figures of Gaullism, who survived the concentration camps. She was a popular minister of health, but was also the first woman to become president of the European Parliament, a post she held between 1979 and 1982. According to recent surveys, Veil is the most liked woman in France in 2010 (Le Journal du Dimanche 5 March 2010).
8 After Mégretâs MNR seceded from the Front National, Sarkozy, then leader of Chiracâs RPR, declared himself favourable to welcoming âelectors and militants who wanted to move away from their partyâ (Gautier 2009: 396).
9 This phrase was made famous during the 1996 campaign when Howard described his vision of Australia in the 2000s as ârelaxedâ and âcomfortableâ (Howard 19 February 1996).
10 The use of the term âpolitical correctnessâ in most major Australian newspapers increased dramatically between 1993 and 1998 (Markus 2001: 98).
11 In early 1996, a poll showed that âmore than half of the voters do not believe the parties will keep their promises if electedâ (Warhurst 1997: 6).
12 âFor All of Usâ was the Liberal slogan in the 1996 election.
13 Andrew Robb said that âFor All of Usâ âwas aimed predominantly at middle Australia ⦠to reach people who legitimately felt betrayedâ (Robb 1997: 37). Howard argued the slogan âbrought together in a very effective fashion the mood and resentments of the Australian people towards the type of government that they had experienced over 13 yearsâ (Howard 22 September 1996).
14 âSon, youâre Australian, thatâs enough for anyone
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