Assessing Ocular Toxicology in Laboratory Animals by Andrea B Weir & Margaret Collins

Assessing Ocular Toxicology in Laboratory Animals by Andrea B Weir & Margaret Collins

Author:Andrea B Weir & Margaret Collins
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ


5.4.2 Extraocular Muscles

The extraocular muscles consist of six muscles (four rectus muscles and two oblique muscles) and, in species such as the dog and rabbit, the retractor bulbi [4, 7, 65]. The dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus muscles and the ventral oblique muscle are innervated by the oculomotor (III) nerve. The lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles are innervated by the abducens (VI) nerve. The dorsal oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear (IV) nerve.

Extraocular muscles may be affected by light exposure and retrobulbar injections [66]. After 24 h of light exposure, extraocular muscles of rats were infiltrated with numerous neutrophils and mononuclear cells with myofiber degeneration. With time, neutrophilic infiltrates decreased and mononuclear cells persisted. Myoblasts formed to replace fragmented myofibers. Extraocular muscles may develop areas of inflammation (e.g., granulomas) associated with periorbital or retrobulbar injections and should be examined following these injections (Fig. 5.2).

Fig. 5.2Granuloma adjacent to an extraocular muscle in a rabbit given an injection into the periorbital soft tissues. Granuloma consists of numerous large, foamy, and eosinophilic macrophages, some of which are multinucleate. H&E. 5× objective



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