Assessing Ocular Toxicology in Laboratory Animals by Andrea B Weir & Margaret Collins
Author:Andrea B Weir & Margaret Collins
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Humana Press, Totowa, NJ
5.4.2 Extraocular Muscles
The extraocular muscles consist of six muscles (four rectus muscles and two oblique muscles) and, in species such as the dog and rabbit, the retractor bulbi [4, 7, 65]. The dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus muscles and the ventral oblique muscle are innervated by the oculomotor (III) nerve. The lateral rectus and retractor bulbi muscles are innervated by the abducens (VI) nerve. The dorsal oblique muscle is innervated by the trochlear (IV) nerve.
Extraocular muscles may be affected by light exposure and retrobulbar injections [66]. After 24 h of light exposure, extraocular muscles of rats were infiltrated with numerous neutrophils and mononuclear cells with myofiber degeneration. With time, neutrophilic infiltrates decreased and mononuclear cells persisted. Myoblasts formed to replace fragmented myofibers. Extraocular muscles may develop areas of inflammation (e.g., granulomas) associated with periorbital or retrobulbar injections and should be examined following these injections (Fig. 5.2).
Fig. 5.2Granuloma adjacent to an extraocular muscle in a rabbit given an injection into the periorbital soft tissues. Granuloma consists of numerous large, foamy, and eosinophilic macrophages, some of which are multinucleate. H&E. 5× objective
Download
This site does not store any files on its server. We only index and link to content provided by other sites. Please contact the content providers to delete copyright contents if any and email us, we'll remove relevant links or contents immediately.
Anesthesiology | Colon & Rectal |
General Surgery | Laparoscopic & Robotic |
Neurosurgery | Ophthalmology |
Oral & Maxillofacial | Orthopedics |
Otolaryngology | Plastic |
Thoracic & Vascular | Transplants |
Trauma |
When Breath Becomes Air by Paul Kalanithi(7235)
Why We Sleep: Unlocking the Power of Sleep and Dreams by Matthew Walker(5615)
Paper Towns by Green John(4154)
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks by Rebecca Skloot(3808)
The Sports Rules Book by Human Kinetics(3570)
Dynamic Alignment Through Imagery by Eric Franklin(3471)
ACSM's Complete Guide to Fitness & Health by ACSM(3452)
Kaplan MCAT Organic Chemistry Review: Created for MCAT 2015 (Kaplan Test Prep) by Kaplan(3412)
Introduction to Kinesiology by Shirl J. Hoffman(3289)
Livewired by David Eagleman(3097)
The River of Consciousness by Oliver Sacks(2980)
Alchemy and Alchemists by C. J. S. Thompson(2896)
The Death of the Heart by Elizabeth Bowen(2884)
Descartes' Error by Antonio Damasio(2718)
Bad Pharma by Ben Goldacre(2712)
Kaplan MCAT Behavioral Sciences Review: Created for MCAT 2015 (Kaplan Test Prep) by Kaplan(2478)
The Gene: An Intimate History by Siddhartha Mukherjee(2473)
The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire (The Princeton History of the Ancient World) by Kyle Harper(2419)
The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer by Siddhartha Mukherjee(2412)