The Digitalisation of Science, Technology and Innovation by OECD

Author:OECD
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: education/environment/industry/governance/science
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Published: 2020-02-11T00:00:00+00:00

Digital technologies offer opportunities for the creation of entirely new digitally enabled services. Predictive maintenance services, for example, use the Internet of Things (IoT), which involves the deployment of sensors and actuators connected to software systems. Other emerging services include on-demand transportation (e.g. Uber); and web-based businesses. New digital technologies have also propelled expansion of the sharing economy and greater customisation. Renting-as-a-service models can replace selling of equipment, for example, while businesses can harness software and data to adapt products to customers’ specific needs.

Such changes also contribute to a blurring of boundaries between manufacturing and services innovation. On the one hand, manufacturing firms increasingly offer innovative services to complement goods – a process known as “servitisation” of manufacturing. For instance, John Deere, an agriculture machinery producer, has developed a software platform that provides farm-management support services based on sensor data. On the other hand, service providers increasingly invest in digital technology to improve their activities. For instance, big retailers invest intensively in data collection and analytics capabilities (e.g. to personalise promotions and predict consumer trends), augmented and virtual reality (VR) (e.g. to develop digital fitting rooms) and the IoT (e.g. to improve inventory management).

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